Lawyer Careers in Washington

The Washington State Bar Association (WSBA) Indian Law Section and its sister association, the Northwest Indian Bar Association, have joined forces to create the Indian Legal Scholars Program. These organizations have raised money for over $100,000 in scholarships to aspiring Indian lawyers from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska in the past five years. This was started, in part, because of research showing that Indian lawyers only made up a fraction of one percent of the total number (29,000) of Washington lawyers. It is hoped that organizations such as these will help entice minorities, including Indians, to becoming Washington lawyers. If you would like to learn how to become a Washington lawyer, read on.
 

The Board of Governors of the Washington State Bar Association has not ruled that you must complete any undergraduate education before going to law school. However, if you wish to be accepted into an American Bar Association (ABA)-accredited law school you must first obtain a bachelor’s degree.    

Accreditation

The institution from which you earn your bachelor’s degree must be accredited by a recognized agency that is listed in the U.S. Department of Education database. ABA-accredited law schools will check to make sure that your undergraduate degree comes from an accredited institution prior to allowing you to enroll in law school.

Requirements and Standards

The ABA recommends that you take undergraduate coursework that is interesting and challenging to you. There are no fields or specific courses that you must take. Many students who are pre-law elect to take coursework relating in some way to the law, to make the transition to law school a bit easier. Pre-law students often choose courses such as criminal justice, political science, philosophy, business and economics, sociology, psychology, history and world cultures.

Degree Options

You must have a bachelor’s degree in arts or science from an accredited institution prior to entering law school. There is no mandate on the major or minor of your degree.

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The second step along the path to becoming a Washington lawyer is to pass the LSAT, or Law School Admission Test. This standardized test is required for admission at all ABA-approved law schools in the United States.  

How to prepare

The LSAT website makes many free study materials available for students preparing to take the LSAT. In Washington, other options for LSAT preparation include:  
LSAT Exam Prep Courses in Washington:

• LSAT Course, Sandweiss Test Prep, Seattle
• LSAT Preparation, The Steven Klein Company, Seattle
• LSAT Test Prep, Gorilla Test Prep, Seattle
• LSAT Prep, MLIC, online
• Summer LSAT Prep Courses, University of Washington, Seattle

Exam content

The LSAT tests your skills at the kind of logical reasoning necessary for success in law school. There are five parts to the test: one reading comprehension section, two sections of logic problems, one section of logic "games," and an experimental section to test new questions for future LSATs. This experimental section does not count toward your score, but because you will be unable to determine which section is experimental, try your best on all sections. Additionally, you must produce a writing sample on a given topic. This sample is not scored as part of the LSAT score, but is sent to law schools when you apply, for review by their admissions personnel.

Application process

The Law School Admission Council (LSAC) processes applications to take the LSAT online. It is given four times yearly (February, June, October and December) on Saturdays and Wednesdays. Examination centers in Washington are:  

• Western Washington University, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA 98225-9008
• Walla Walla University, 204 South College Ave, College Place, WA 99324
• Central Washington University, 400 East University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7501
• Everett Community College, 2000 Tower Street, Everett, WA 98201
• Washington State University, French Administration Building, Pullman, WA 99164-1009
• Seattle Central Community College, 1701 Broadway Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122
• Seattle University School of Law, 900 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122-4340
• University of Washington, P.O. Box 351230, Seattle, WA 98195-4550
• Shoreline Community College, 16101 Greenwood Ave N, Shoreline, WA 98133-5696
• Gonzaga University, E 502 Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258-0001
• Whitworth College, 300 W Hawthorne Rd, Spokane, WA 99251
• Tacoma Community College, 6501 S 19th St, Tacoma, WA 98466-6100
• University of Puget Sound, 1500 N Warner, Tacoma, WA 98416
• Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362

Receiving Your Score

Anticipate receiving your LSAT scores via US postal mail three weeks after completing the test. Your score will fall between a low of 120 and a high of 180. The average LSAT scores accepted by Washington law schools are:

• Gonzaga University School of Law:                       155
• Seattle University School of Law:                           157
• University of Washington School of Law:              164

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Application process

To qualify to take Washington’s bar exam, you must either graduate with a law degree from an ABA-accredited law school, or complete the APR 6 Law Clerk Program. More will be discussed about the program later. You may apply to any of the 201 ABA-approved law schools across the country. They are listed in the ABA-LSAC Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools.

Credential Assembly Service

When applying to ABA-approved law schools, you are obliged to use the Credential Assembly Service (CAS), a service of the Law School Admission Council. It helps to centralize your LSAT score, undergraduate transcripts, letters of recommendation and other documentation that you will need when applying to law school. The CAS collects and collates all of these documents for you, then applies to the schools of your choice for you electronically, sending each school a prepared Law School Report containing all of your information.

Accreditation

If you choose the law school route, the Board of Governors of the Washington State Bar Association says that you must graduate from one accredited by the ABA. Other options will be explored later in this section.

ABA-Accredited Law Schools in Washington

Three law schools in Washington are ABA-accredited:

• Gonzaga University School of Law, PO Box 3528, Spokane, WA 99220-3528       
• Seattle University School of Law, 901 12th Avenue, Sullivan Hall, Seattle, WA 98122-1090
• University of Washington School of Law, William H. Gates Hall, Box 353020, Seattle, WA 98195-3020

Course requirements

Courses that you can expect to take during your law school years include:

• Administrative law
• Business organizations
• Contracts
• Criminal law and procedure
• Civil law and procedure
• Commercial transactions
• Family law
• Collections
• Constitutional law
• Real/personal property
• Torts
• Trusts/wills/probates
• Indian law/Tribal sovereign immunity

Online Law Degrees

• View Online and Campus Law and Legal Studies Programs
  • (For students who choose to focus on a subset of law other than an attorney.)

Degree Programs

You must graduate with a Juris Doctor (JD) degree from an ABA-accredited law school before taking the Washington state bar exam. Your school may offer other options in addition to getting the JD, such as concentrations, dual degree programs, and more.

Law Clerk Program

If you elect not to attend an ABA-accredited law school, you may participate in the Washington State Bar Association’s Admission to Practice Rule 6 Law Clerk Program. Before being accepted into this program, you must:

• Be of good moral character
• Obtain a bachelor’s degree in a field other than law
• Obtain regular, full-time employment in Washington as a law clerk with a judge, a lawyer, or a law firm
• Submit the correct forms and fee to apply for the Law Clerk Program:
• Application for admission
• Tutors statement
• Application fee of $50
• Appear for an interview with the Board of Governors

Make sure to submit your application and supporting materials by no later than 60 days before the next Law Clerk Board meeting (meeting dates are posted here).

If accepted into the program, you will study for four calendar years, 12 months each year, 120 hours of study each month. You will receive personal supervision from your tutor at least three hours weekly. Each month, your tutor will prepare and administer an examination based upon what you have studied. Tutors will submit monthly certificates to the Board and a certificate of completion at the end of your Law Clerk Program. You must also pay a fee of $1500 annually while enrolled in the Law Clerk Program. Once completed, you will be eligible to take the Washington state bar exam, but may not be eligible for any other state’s bar exams, as you will not have a JD degree and the program is not ABA-accredited.

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After completing the first three steps, your next step is to take the Washington state bar exam.

Non-ABA approved law school graduates

The only graduates of non-ABA-approved law schools who will be permitted to take the Washington state bar exam are those who meet these conditions:

• Passed the bar exam in another state
• Were admitted to the bar of that state by examination
• Are a member of the bar in good standing in any state or US territory or any foreign jurisdiction in which English common law is the basis of jurisprudence
• Have active legal practice experience for at least three of the past five years

Graduates of Foreign Law Schools

If you graduated from a foreign law school and wish to take the Washington state bar exam, you must meet these conditions:

• Have been admitted to practice by exam in any jurisdiction in which English common law is the basis of jurisprudence
• Have active legal practice experience for three of the past five years; OR
• Participated in the Law Clerk Program

Preparation

The Washington State Bar Exam is unique in that it does not contain any of the national portions found in the Uniform Bar Exam or in bar exams of other states. It is in an all-essay format. Therefore, thorough preparation for this exam is vital to your success. You can purchase a book or a CD containing questions from ten past Washington State Bar exams for $20 plus shipping and tax.  This can be bought online at the WSBA CLE store in a hard copy or PDF CD format. You should also review the Washington State Rules of Professional Conduct.

Other alternatives for preparing for the Washington state bar examination include:

• Washington Bar Review, Tesdahl’s Bar Review, online
• Washington Bar Review Course, Rigos Professional Education, online
• Bar Review-Washington, barbri, Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, Bellevue or online

As of July 2013, Washington will be administering the Uniform Bar Exam (UBE). Information on this examination, as well as preparation materials, is available at the National Conference of Bar Examiners (NCBE) website.

Exam content

It takes two and a half days to complete the Washington State Bar Exam. Two days will be spent on the Substantive Portion of the Essay Questions. This consists of 18 essay questions, broken into three sessions, each lasting two hours and 15 minutes. You are permitted to write a maximum of 64 handwritten lines or 4963 characters on a laptop. The last half-day section of the exam is devoted to six essay questions on professional responsibility. This consists of one session that is two hours and 15 minutes long. You are allowed to write a maximum of 29 handwritten lines or 2349 characters on a laptop.
Any of these subjects may be covered on the Washington State Bar Exam:

• Administrative Law
• Business Organizations:
• Corporations
• Partnerships
• Limited Liability Companies
• Employment Discrimination
• Commercial Transactions: Uniform Commercial Code:
• Article I – Definitions/General Provisions
• Article II – Sales
• Article III – Commercial Paper
• Article IV – Bank Deposits/Collections
• Article IX – Secured Transactions
• Constitutional Law (State and Federal)
• Criminal Law
• Includes substantive crimes and defenses
• Non-Criminal Law
• Contracts
• Family Law
• Indian Law/Tribal Sovereign Immunity
• Real & Personal Property
• Community Property
• Conveyancing, Financing, Leasing, Use and Zoning
• Torts
• Trial Procedure (Civil and Criminal)
• Evidence
• Procedure before, during and after trial
• Washington State Rules of Professional Conduct
• Wills, probates and trusts

Application Process

You must file your application online when you are ready to take the Washington State Bar Exam. You will file the application and pay the application fee of $585 online. Additionally, you must send these documents to the Washington State Bar Association Admissions Office by the deadline:

• 3 original signed and notarized Authorization and Release forms
• 2 original Good Moral Character Certificates
• Any supporting documentation you did not upload with your application
• If you are paying by check, the application fee and payment form

Mail the above documents to WSBA Admissions Department, 1325 Fourth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98101. Your applications/documents must be postmarked 120 days before the exam to avoid a late filing fee. If mailing them after this date, you must send a late filing payment. No applications are accepted less than 90 days before the exam. Deadlines and late fees for upcoming exams are listed here.

Pass Rates

It takes about 10 weeks to receive your bar exam scores by mail after completing the exam.
Passing the bar exam requires that you pass both portions –the substantive portion and the professional responsibility portion. If you pass one section but fail the other, you must take the failed portion at the next scheduled bar exam administration. You must pass both sections of the bar exam within 25 months or your passing score will be invalid. A passing score on each section requires that you score 70 percent or higher.

Results from previous administrations of the Washington State Bar Exam are as follows:

• 2004:     73 percent of all test-takers passed the exam
• 2005:     71%
• 2006:     78%
• 2007:     77%
• 2008:     73%
• 2009:     67%
• 2010:     71%
• 2011:     66%

Licensing and Admission to the Bar

If you pass the Washington State Bar Exam, you will receive a new admittee packet with forms to complete. You will be asked to pay your licensing fee at this time as well. New admittees only pay 50 percent of the full active fee to be admitted to practice, which means you owe $162.50 at this time.

Pre-Admission Education Requirement

Before bar admission, you must complete at least four hours of free education sponsored by the Washington State Bar Association. Called the New Lawyer Education Program, this online program is vital to your success as a Washington lawyer

Oath of Office/Swearing-in Ceremony

Three options will be presented to you regarding your swearing-in and taking the oath of office. You may participate in a Formal County Ceremony, conducted by your local county bar association. You may attend an Independent Ceremony, in which you take the Oath of Attorney  with you to a judges’ court to be sworn in. The judge you choose must be elected or appointed, sitting in open court, and serving in Washington State. If it is impossible for you to take the oath of office in Washington, it may be arranged that you can take it in another state.

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Good Job! – your hard work has paid off and you are now a Washington lawyer and member of the Washington State Bar Association (WSBA)! This organization can help you if you decide to set up your own practice, with practice management resources; as well as assist you in networking to find a position with an existing law firm or company. The WSBA also provides discounts and benefits to its members that are invaluable to you starting out as a Washington lawyer.

If you decide to join an existing Washington law firm, your choices are many. Firms across the state include K&L Gates, LLP in Seattle; Davies Pearson, PC in Tacoma; Betts, Patterson & Mines, P.S. in Seattle; Inslee, Best, Doezie & Ryder, P.S. in Bellevue; and Lukins & Annis, PS in Spokane.

There are a number of Fortune 500 corporations housed in Washington, and they often hire legal help. Some of the most famous names include Costco Wholesale in Issaquah, Microsoft in Redmond, Amazon.com in Seattle, Weyerhauser in Federal Way, and Paccar in Bellevue.

One facet of Washington law that is unique is its interactions with Indian and Tribal Law. The WSBA has a section devoted to lawyers who represent clients affected by Indian law. Federal laws, tribal laws, state laws, executive and administrative actions, and court decisions create a complex, quickly changing collections of laws that affects the way Washington lawyers work. This is an interesting part of Washington law in which you might wish to become involved as a new lawyer.

Legal specialty certification

Rules of the Washington State Bar Association  say that Washington  lawyers may use the terms "certified," "specialist," and "expert" describe their qualifications if they are board certified in that specialty or expertise. Each lawyer must also name the entity that granted his or her certification, as well as state that the Supreme Court of Washington does not recognize certification of specialties in the practice of law.

Requirements for maintaining license

Admission to Practice Rules of the State of Washington state that you must complete at least 45 credit hours of Continuing Legal Education (CLE) courses by December 31 of your three-year CLE reporting program. At least six of those hours must be in ethics. New admittees to the bar are exempt from CLE during the year they are admitted and during the following calendar year. More information on CLE can be found at the WSBA CLE website.

Court Systems in Washington

The Washington Court System has the following structure:

• Supreme Court: administers the entire Washington court system, and hears appeals from the Court of Appeals. Has original jurisdiction of petitions against state officers and can review decisions of lower courts if the value involved exceeds $200. Located in Olympia in the Temple of Justice.
• Court of Appeals: hears appeals from the lower courts except for appeals in the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
• Division I: located in Seattle
• Division II: located in Tacoma
• Division III: located in Spokane
• Superior Court: courts of general jurisdiction, hear civil matters, domestic relations cases, felony criminal cases, juvenile matters, and appeals from the lower courts of limited jurisdiction. Superior Courts are located at courthouses in each of the state’s 39 counties.
• Courts of Limited Jurisdiction: hears misdemeanor criminal cases, traffic violations,  domestic violence protection orders, civil actions less than $75,000 and small claims up to $5000
• District Court: jurisdiction over both criminal and civil cases in the district. Jurisdiction over state law violations. Each of Washington’s 39 counties has at least one District Court.
• Municipal Court: hears violations of municipal or city ordinances. Does not hear civil or small claims cases. Many cities and towns in Washington have Municipal Courts.

Elective membership organizations

You might want to consider becoming a member of the following elective organizations for Washington lawyers:

• Washington Defense Trial Lawyers
• Washington Government Law Bar Association
• Washington Defender Association
• Washington Employment Lawyers Association
• American Immigration Lawyers Association- Washington State Chapter

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